Using illustrations

One of the distinctives of John Calvin’s preaching was his use of “vivid expressions.” Steve Lawson explains,

Calvin used vivid expressions to enhance imagery in his listeners’ minds. John Leith notes, ‘His sermons are replete with metaphors, comparisons, and proverbial images and wisdom that appeal to the imagination.’ Most frequently, he used figures of speech drawn from Scripture itself, but many of his images had military, judicial, natural, artisan, or academic connections, and he often used common expressions drawn from routine conversations in everyday life. While humor was scarce in Calvin’s pulpit, he used stimulating language and biting sarcasm that was sure to draw a smile or shock the listener – and leave a lasting impression. (The Expository Genius of John Calvin, p. 89)

I’ve noticed firsthand just how effective a timely illustration can be in sermon delivery. Sometimes, a story or word picture produces that “aha” moment when a point suddenly clicks, and the listeners finally understand. At other times, illustrations have an almost hypnotic power to draw back the drifting attention of the audience. Furthermore, they can help set a doctrinal truth into “concrete” by giving something tangible and memorable for the congregation to remember, meditate upon, and discuss long after the sermon has concluded.

Illustrating is an art that every Bible teacher and preacher needs to develop. It’s definitely an area I want to keep improving in. Here’s my basic process for crafting an illustration:

  • Step 1 – Study to understand the meaning of a text.
  • Step 2 – Discover the timeless truth(s) of that passage.
  • Step 3 – Brainstorm and try to draw parallels between that spiritual truth and the physical world. It could be anything from nature, history, sports, current events, a book or movie, a hypothetical story, personal experience, etc. At this point, I will often enter my “timeless truth,” or a key phrase or idea, into Wikipedia and just see what stories pop up. I will also draw upon recent stories and events I’ve read on FoxNews.com or in World Magazine. A simple Microsoft Access database has proven a good “file cabinet” for cataloguing stories and quotes that I discover and would like to use later (update: later I switched to Evernote).
  • Step 4 – Zero in on the one parallel that seems to most effectively illustrate the point.

For example, this last week I preached on the closing verses of John chapter 6:

  • Step 1 – This passage describes how and why the crowds begin to leave Jesus. Peter confesses Christ as the “Holy One of God.” And Jesus reveals that one of the Twelve is going to betray Him.
  • Step 2 – The stark contrast between Judas, Peter, and the crowds remind us that not all people will accept Jesus Christ as Savior and Lord. Some will believe, while others will tragically reject Him. We should each examine ourselves, that we are true disciples of Christ – like Peter. The regenerative work of the Holy Spirit is a mystery, which reminds me of Jesus’ statement in John 3:8 “The wind blows where it wishes and you hear the sound of it, but do not know where it comes from and where it is going; so is everyone who is born of the Spirit.”
  • Step 3 – The recent tornadoes in the Midwest were a powerful demonstration of the random and unpredictable nature of tornadoes. Some buildings were totally demolished, while others nearby were left unscathed. These tornadoes parallel the spiritual truth that God works in mysterious and unpredictable ways.
  • Step 4 – One place that was particularly effected by the tornadoes was Union University in Tennessee. I talked about the damage, then connected this to John 3:8. This became my opening illustration for the sermon in John 6:59-71. We prayed for the faculty, staff, and students of Union, and then I launched into my sermon.

So, now it’s your turn, teachers and preachers! I would love to know, what realms and experiences do you typically draw from? How do you maintain variety? What resources have you found helpful? How do you file illustrations for later?

Fridays are often dedicated to practical church ministry issues. If you have a question or suggested topic for the future, please email me.

Defining marriage, part 2

Last week, I explained that the California Supreme Court will be deciding next month whether it is constitutional to define marriage as between one man and one woman. Although our state passed a law back in 1977 defining marriage as between one man and one woman, and although the public strongly affirmed this definition in Prop. 22, the mayor of San Francisco and the district Superior Court have more recently rejected this definition. Now, the matter is to be discussed at the highest court in our state.

But what’s the big deal, anyway? Why should same sex marriage be prohibited? Isn’t homosexuality a private matter of sexual preference? There are several reasons I strongly believe the traditional definition of marriage should be upheld at the state and federal level. But today I will give you just one – the biblical one.

“Wait a minute,” you may say. “I don’t believe in the Bible. I’m not even a Christian. Why should I care what your Bible says about homosexuality?” Well, since this is my blog, and since I am a Christian, and since the Bible is the Word of God, sufficient for all matters of life and godliness (2 Peter 1:3), it’s only natural that I would begin with what the Bible says about this important issue. Even if you don’t agree with the Bible, I hope you would grant me the courtesy of listening to what I believe, and to see where my beliefs originate from.

I believe that from the very beginning, God defined marriage as between one man and woman. While still in the garden of Eden, God said, “It is not good for the man to be alone; I will make him a helper suitable for him” (Genesis 2:18). And who was that perfect compliment to Adam? A woman, named Eve, who God perfectly created and presented to Adam for his wife:

The Lord God fashioned into a woman the rib which He had taken from the man, and brought her to the man. The man said, “This is now bone of my bones, And flesh of my flesh; She shall be called Woman, Because she was taken out of Man.” For this reason a man shall leave his father and his mother, and be joined to his wife; and they shall become one flesh. (Genesis 2:22-24)

This design of one-man-one-woman marriage appears again and again throughout Scripture:

  • Proverbs 5:18 promotes exclusive marital devotion when it says, “Let your fountain be blessed, and rejoice in the wife of your youth.” (Tragically, Solomon did not follow his own advice!).
  • Jesus upholds God’s original intention for marriage when He says, “Have you not read that He who created them from the beginning made them male and female, and said, ‘For this reason a man shall leave his Father and Mother and be joined to his wife, and the two shall become one flesh’? So they are no longer two, but one flesh. What therefore God has joined together, let no man separate” (Matthew 19:4-6). In other words, God Himself is sovereignly responsible for bringing a man and woman together permanently when they are married.
  • The Apostle Paul reveals that the husband-wife relationship is a reflection of an even deeper and more profound spiritual relationship: that of Jesus Christ and His Bride, the Church (Ephesians 5).
  • And then of course, we are reminded of the sanctity of marriage in Hebrews 13:4: “Marriage is to be held in honor among all, and the marriage bed is to be undefiled; for fornicators and adulterers God will judge.”

This last passage in Hebrews reveals that divine judgment awaits those who alter God’s design for marriage and sexual intimacy. It specifically mentions the sin of fornication and adultery, but homosexuality could be added to this list as well. Just as God makes clear that monogamous, heterosexual marriage is morally right, so He declares unequivocally that homosexuality (and every other form of sexual deviancy) is morally wrong:

  • In 1 Corinthians 6:9-10, Paul asks, “Do you not know that the unrighteous will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived; neither fornicators, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor effeminate, nor homosexuals, nor thieves, nor the covetous, nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor swindlers, will inherit the kingdom of God.” Then the Apostle adds this glorious reminder, “Such were some of you; but you were washed, but you were sanctified, but you were justified…” (v. 11).
  • In 1 Timothy 1:9-10, homosexuality is equated with lawlessness, sin, rebellion against God, and behavior which is “contrary to sound teaching.”
  • Romans 1:26-27 says that God is judging a society when He gives them “over to degrading passions; for their women exchanged the natural function for that which is unnatural, and in the same way also the men abandoned the natural function of the woman and burned in their desire toward one another, men with men committing indecent acts and receiving in their own persons the due penalty of their error” (Romans 1:26-27).
  • And we dare not forget God’s swift and severe annihilation of Sodom and Gomorrah because “their sin was exceedingly grave” (see Genesis 18-19).

While California – and other states – deliberate over the definition of marriage, God has already made Himself abundantly clear. Marriage is restricted to one man and one woman. Any alternative is a sin against God and worthy of His wrath. However, the great news is, forgiveness is freely available through Jesus Christ. God sent His one and only Son to die for all sinners, including homosexuals! By turning from our sin and trusting in His atoning death and victorious resurrection, we can find cleansing and forgiveness, no matter what sin we have committed against God!

The Southern Baptist Convention says it well in their official position statement: “We affirm God’s plan for marriage and sexual intimacy – one man, and one woman, for life. Homosexuality is not a ‘valid alternative lifestyle.’ The Bible condemns it as sin. It is not, however, unforgivable sin. The same redemption available to all sinners is available to homosexuals. They, too, may become new creations in Christ.”

Let’s be praying for our state Supreme Court justices as they prepare for this debate, and also for groups like the Campaign for California Families as they make a legal case for traditional marriage. But even more importantly, let’s reach out with genuine love and compassion to our homosexual friends, and offer them a freedom and forgiveness which are only available through Jesus Christ.

Calvin’s high view of scripture

I have recently been reading through a short book called The Expository Genius of John Calvin, by Steven Lawson. Here are a couple quotes I’ve appreciated on Calvin’s high view of Scripture, why Christians should always remain students of the Bible, and why pastors should devote themselves continually to the ministry of the Word.

“We owe to the Scripture the same reverence which we owe to God because it has proceeded from Him alone, and has nothing of man mixed with it.”

“Wherever the gospel is preached, it is as if God Himself came into the midst of us. It is certain that if we come to church we shall not hear only a mortal man speaking, but we shall feel (even by His secret power) that God is speaking to our souls that He is the teacher. He so touches us that the human voice enters into us and so profits us that we are refreshed and nourished by it. God calls us to Him as if He had His mouth open and we saw Him there in person.”

These words remind me of Paul when he commended the Thessalonians: “For this reason we also constantly thank God that when you received the word of God which you heard from us, you accepted it not as the word of men, but for what it really is, the word of God, which also performs its work in you who believe” (1 Thess. 2:13).

What a privilege to have this precious book, where God Himself speaks! May our souls pant for it day after day, as a deer pants after the water brooks.

Defining marriage, part 1

The San Francisco Chronicle reported yesterday that our California Supreme Court is preparing to discuss whether it is “legal” to prohibit homosexual marriage.

Since 1977, California law has specified marriage as between one man and one woman. This traditional definition was strongly affirmed by the public in 2000, when Proposition 22 was passed. Also known as “The California Defense of Marriage Act,” Prop. 22 simply stated, “Only marriage between a man and a woman is valid or recognized in California.

However, both California law and Prop. 22 came under attack in 2004, when San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom ordered the county clerk to start issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples. These licenses were quickly overturned by the California Supreme Court, but it became obvious that this issue was not going to go away. In 2005, the San Francisco Superior Court Judge ruled Prop. 22 unconstitutional, but one year later, the First Disctrict Court of Appeal overturned this ruling.

The debate over the definition of marriage has been gradually building up steam since that time. In December 2006, the California Supreme Court agreed to hear the case, and now it seems that a court date of March 4, 2008, has finally been set. It is expected that if the Supreme Court overturns the 1977 Law and Prop. 22, the California legislature will quickly pass a new law defining marriage as being between “two persons.”

Next week, I will discuss why this issue has profound significance for a California pastor like myself, and what we should do to preserve the traditional definition of marriage. Let me say at the very outset that I am not attacking homosexuals as persons. I affirm their rights as citizens of the United States, and men and women created in the image of God. I have been personal friends with a number of homosexuals, and have always sought to treat them with great courtesy, dignity, and love.

Nevertheless, as both a Christian and a pastor, I am called by God and compelled by conscience to honor the clear teaching of Scripture and lovingly declare homosexual behavior as sinful and dishonoring to the Lord. Furthermore, I believe that expanding the definition of marriage to include same sex couples would have a deleterious effect on society. But more on that next week.

Why I’m encouraged after Super Tuesday

I’m encouraged today. Not because my preferred candidate picked up a lot of delegates yesterday (he didn’t); and not because Reagan conservatism achieved a great victory yesterday (it didn’t); and not because our next President will be a highly qualified person of character and experience (they might not be). Rather, I’m encouraged today because this world is not my home. My citizenship is in heaven, and my Lord Jesus Christ is a perfectly righteous King, seated firmly today upon His throne! What’s more, my King is coming again soon!

In the midst of political turmoil and uncertainty, 1 Thessalonians 4:16-17 gives me four reasons to be encouraged:

  • I am encouraged by the coming return of Christ. “For the Lord Himself will descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel and with the trumpet of God” (4:16). Oh, how I long to hear those three triumphant sounds – the shout, the voice, and the trumpet! I keep my ears and eyes open, because those sounds mark the arrival of my Lord. Arthur Whiting says, “The Savior is the One for whom the saints long, and He alone can meet their heart-hunger.”
  • I am encouraged by the coming resurrection of the dead. “And the dead in Christ will rise first” (4:16). The resurrection of the dead is certain, because Christ’s resurrection is accomplished. We may not know yet exactly what our resurrected bodies will be like, but this much we know, “that when He appears, we will be like Him, because we will see Him just as He is” (1 John 3:2). What a glorious day that will be! But something else will immediately follow…
  • I am encouraged by the coming rapture of the living. “Then we who are alive and remain will be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air” (4:17). One moment, we will be walking on this earth, and the next moment, we will be suddenly “snatched up” or “seized” faster than a special forces rescue operation. This is a mystery previously unrevealed to the church (1 Cor. 15:51-52).
  • I am encouraged by the coming reunion of all believers. We “will be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air, and so we shall always be with the Lord” (4:17). We will be united together with other believers, once and for all, with loved ones past and present who have trusted in Jesus as Savior and Lord. Finally, I will be able to spend unhurried time with spiritual heroes like my Grandpa and Grandma Goodrich, Hal Kemper, John Bunyan, and so many others.

For all of these reasons, I am greatly encouraged, even after Super Tuesday. Yet as long as Christ has me on this earth, there is still work here to be done. Many more must hear the glorious gospel of Jesus Christ, and prepare for the coming of the King!

…We wait for the Lord, our Beloved,
Our Comforter, Master, and Friend,
The substance of all that we hope for,
Beginning of faith and its end;
We watch for our Savior and Bridegroom,
Who loved us and made us His own;
For Him we are looking and longing—
For JESUS, and JESUS ALONE.
(Annie Johnson Flint)

Thoughts on Life and Leadership